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hijri year
The Hijri year or era is the era used in the Islamic lunar calendar, beginning its count from 622 , the year of the migration of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Yathrib (later Medina), an event known as the Hijra. It is denoted in Arabic with a hāʾ (), the first letter of Hijra. It is denoted in English by the abbreviation AH, which follows the format of the Dionysian era in representing a Latin phrase. () means "in the year of the Hijra" and should technically precede dates in the manner of . More commonly, it is placed after the year.
Because the Islamic lunar calendar has only 354 days in its year, it slowly rotates within the Gregorian year. The year corresponds to the Islamic years – .
==Definition==
The Hijri era is calculated according to the Islamic lunar calendar and not the Julian or Gregorian solar one. It thus does not begin on January 1 , but on the first day of the month of Muharram which occurred in 622 . Its Julian equivalent was April 19〔Fazlur Rehman Shaikh, ''Chronology of Prophetic Events'' (London: Ta-Ha Publishers Ltd., 2001), p. 157.〕 but it is sometimes mistakenly placed on July 16. The error derives from the tabular Islamic calendar which was devised by later Islamic astronomers. This reckons time backwards according to the lunar calendar, which causes it to miss the three intercalary months (about 88 days) added to the then-lunisolar calendar between the time of the Hijra and 10, when Muhammad allegedly received a revelation prohibiting their use.〔.〕
The date of the Hijra itself did not form the Islamic New Year. Instead, the system continues the earlier ordering of the months with the Hijra occurring around the 8th day of Rabi al-Awwal, 66 days into the first year.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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